Relevance
Nowadays, the endoscopic method plays a leading role in the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding. The most practical significance is the choice of therapeutic tactics for peptic ulcer disease of the stomach and duodenum, erosive hemorrhagic gastritis and Mallory- Weiss syndrome, occurring respectively in 23.0-74.4%,
11.2-33.0% and 0, 15-6.04% of observations. Surgical intervention in patients with severe conditions and the presence of severe concomitant pathology is not always safe and often leads to unsatisfactory treatment results. The overall lethality with ulcerous
gastroduodenal bleeding (GDB) is 4-8%, and postoperative mortality in the most severe forms of bleeding can reach 33%. The main factor worsening the results of treatment
of ulcer bleeding is the occurrence of a relapse, postoperative lethality which can reach 50%. Despite advances in the diagnosis and treatment of the Mallory- Weiss syndrome, the expansion of the arsenal of tools and surgical interventions, the success of anesthesiology and resuscitation, the overall mortality in this pathology remains constant for several years and ranges from 5 to 10%, and the number of recurrent bleeding - from 20 to 35%. These data call for the search for reliable and minimally invasive methods for stopping bleeding. Unfortunately, the possibilities of endoscopic hemostasis are limited, which is due to the peculiarity of the source of bleeding (vessel diameter, blood flow intensity, localization), inadequate physician experience, difficulty in choosing the hemostatic method, inadequate technical equipment of the endoscopic department, and inefficiency of conservative treatment. Currently, the following methods of endohemostasis are usually used: injection, clipping, ligation of blood vessels, thermocoagulation. In diffuse haemorrhages, multipolar or argon-plasma coagulation is preferred. However, they do not reduce the risk of late recurrence of bleeding [3]. Also, the drawbacks of these methods include difficulties in their use in the inaccessible localization of the source of bleeding. The simplest endoscopic method of influencing bleeding zones is their irrigation with haemostatic drugs, the interaction of which with blood forms a blood clot tightly fixed to the organ wall (caprofer). This method is effective with continued capillary and stopped bleeding. At present, a new topical hemostatic Haemoblock is being introduced into practical use, which includes an incomplete salt of polyacrylic acid and silver nanoparticles. When interacting with blood albumins Haemoblock forms a polymer complex, resulting in hemostasis.